At major annual oncology meetings, many presentations about phase III clinical trials that failed to hit their primary endpoints emphasized seemingly positive results of questionable statistical rigor or unclear clinical relevance, a study concludes.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:05
Adjuvant treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib will likely become a new standard of care in patients with EGFR-mutant non–small cell lung cancer. In the phase III ADAURA trial, 90% of patients with stage II–IIIA disease who received osimertinib were alive and free of cancer at 2 years, compared with 44% who received a placebo—results considered so striking that researchers unblinded the trial early.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:05
Findings from a subgroup of the TAILORx trial on early breast cancer reveal that endocrine therapy can contribute to extended cognitive decline, whether or not women receive initial chemotherapy. The results suggest that women taking hormone therapy should be periodically assessed for worsening cognitive symptoms over the course of treatment.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:05
Michelle M. Le Beau, PhD, and Phillip A. Sharp, PhD, are featured.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:05
Two studies point to blood levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL8 as a negative prognostic indicator of responses in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. The findings provide a compelling rationale for combining selective inhibitors of the IL8 axis with PD-1 pathway–directed drugs.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:05
Findings from CCC19 and TERAVOLT suggest that patients with cancer may be more likely to die from COVID-19 than people in the general population. Additional mortality risk factors may include age, performance status, treatment with chemotherapy, and exposure to hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:05
KAP1, linked to cancer, coupled RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) gene promoter binding to pause exit.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:05
Tissue-resident memory T cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) partitioned into two types.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:05
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) transmitted the metabolite methylglyoxal to CD8+ T cells.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:05
CD8+ T cells produced supramolecular complexes containing cytotoxic proteins GZMB and PRF1.
Wed Jul 01, 2020 10:05
In this case report we present a case of endometriosis in the Bartholin gland without surgery in the perineal area. So far, only five cases concerning endometriosis in the Bartholin gland, which may or may not...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Abstract The relative roles of natural and sexual selection in promoting evolutionary lineage divergence remains controversial and difficult to assess in natural systems. Local adaptation through natural selection is known to play a central role in promoting evolutionary divergence, yet secondary sexual traits can vary widely among species in recent radiations, suggesting that sexual selection may also be important in the early stages of speciation. Here we compare rates of divergence in ecologically...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 21:51
Tue Jun 30, 2020 22:04
Background The treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) may cause significant financial toxicity to patients. Herein, the authors have presented the development and validation of the Financial Index of Toxicity (FIT) instrument. Methods Items were generated using literature review and were based on expert opinion. In item reduction, items with factor loadings of a magnitude <0.3 in exploratory factor analysis and inverse correlations (r < 0) in test‐retest analysis were eliminated. Retained...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 19:08
House dust mite (HDM) allergens constitute the most frequent cause of persistent allergic rhinitis and asthma. The symptoms vary throughout the year but typically peak in spring, autumn and (to a lesser extent...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 2020. ObjectivesIn transplantation surgery, the ischaemic organ and reperfusion impairment after cold storage remains a considerable risk factor for impaired function and potential failure of the grafted organ. Substantial logistical efforts have been undertaken to reduce the cold ischaemic time because the demand for available transplant organs and the periods of cold ischaemia are increasing.MethodsFour molecules were investigated...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 15:57
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 2020. BackgroundFew studies have demonstrated the impact of characteristics like age and sex on the association between hand grip strength (HGS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to examine the effects of sex and age on the relationship between HGS and MCI.MethodsWe enrolled older adults age ≥60 years (n = 1009) and measured HGS and MCI in all participants. We analyzed the differences in...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 15:55
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 2020. ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Solanum macrocarpon Linn leaf in the brain of an alloxan-induced rat model of diabetes.MethodsThe experimental model of diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan. Rats were then divided into six groups: normal control, diabetes control, diabetes group treated with metformin, and three diabetes...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 13:43
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 2020. ObjectiveFertility may be defined as a capacity to conceive and produce offspring. Infertility is characterized by failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility concerns an estimated 8–12% of the global population, and is associated with factors including time of unwanted non-conception, age of female partner and number of diseases impacting fertility. Unexplained...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 11:35
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 2020. ObjectiveTo retrospectively compare the mid-term outcomes of uncemented or cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision for prior primary metal-on-metal (MoM) THA failure.MethodsData from 278 patients (278 hips) who underwent uncemented THA (UTHA) or cemented THA (CTHA) for prior primary MoM-THA failure from 2006 to 2016 were retrospectively analysed. Follow-up was performed 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and then every 2 years...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 11:34
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 2020. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene-mutated non-small cell lung cancer may initially respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but may subsequently become resistant; however, the resistance mechanisms remain unclear. We report a rare case of acquired resistance to osimertinib associated with transformation to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with cis-C797S mutation. A man with recurrent lung adenocarcinoma harboring...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 11:26
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 2020. ObjectiveTo investigate the practicality of a new method using anatomical spaces for performing standard laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) without ureteral injury in patients with cervical cancer.MethodsClinicopathological characteristics and perioperative complications were retrospectively analysed in 440 patients with stages IB1 to IIB cervical cancer. The patients were assigned to two of the following groups: LRH by...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 11:22
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 2020. ObjectiveThis study investigated the frequency of T-helper (Th)17 lymphocytes and production of cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 in peripheral blood of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their use as a marker of clinical value.MethodsSixty patients with NSCLC and 60 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Flow cytometry was used to detect the frequency of Th17 lymphocytes in peripheral blood, and enzyme-linked...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 11:11
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 2020. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a leading cause of death and a major cause of morbidity in older people. The disease is characterized by progressive memory loss, cognitive impairment, and the cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β peptide. Given the health and economic impacts of AD, treatments that target the underlying etiology of AD or modify the course of the disease are of significant interest....
Tue Jun 30, 2020 11:06
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 2020. ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of herbal medicine (cinnamon/fennel/ginger) for treating primary dysmenorrhea.MethodsRelevant studies were searched in multiple databases. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was used as the effect indicator for measurement data, and each effect size was given estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsNine studies with 647 patients were selected. Compared with the results in the control...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 09:00
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 2020. ObjectiveTo compare the treatment outcome of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) versus mechanical ventilation in hypoxemic patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) at a referral center that started offering VV-EMCO support in 2010.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled adults with severe ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 ratio of <100 with FiO2 of ≥90 or Murray score of ≥3) who were admitted...
Tue Jun 30, 2020 07:41
No abstract available
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Objectives: Auditory training (AT), which is active listening to various auditory stimuli, aims to improve auditory skills. There is evidence that AT can be used as a tool in auditory rehabilitation to improve speech perception and other auditory cognitive skills in individuals with hearing impairment. The present state-of-the-art review examines the effect of AT on communication abilities in individuals with hearing impairment. In particular, transfer of AT effects on performance in untrained...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Objectives: Aim was to investigate the innovative method of direct acoustic bone conduction (BC) stimulation applied directly to the otic capsule and measured intraoperatively by promontory displacement in living humans. The objective was to find the best stimulation site that provides the greatest transmission of vibratory energy in a living human and compare it with the results previously obtained in cadavers. Design: The measurements were performed in 4 adult patients referred to our department...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Audiovisual Enhancement of Speech Perception in Noise by School-Age Children Who Are Hard of Hearing
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine age- and hearing-related differences in school-age children’s benefit from visual speech cues. The study addressed three questions: (1) Do age and hearing loss affect degree of audiovisual (AV) speech enhancement in school-age children? (2) Are there age- and hearing-related differences in the mechanisms underlying AV speech enhancement in school-age children? (3) What cognitive and linguistic variables predict individual differences in AV benefit...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of increasing the interphase gap (IPG) on the neural response of the electrically stimulated cochlear nerve (CN) between children with CN deficiency (CND) and children with normal-sized CNs. Design: Study participants included 30 children with CND and 30 children with normal-sized CNs. All subjects were implanted with a Cochlear Nucleus device with the internal electrode array 24RE[CA] in the test ear. The stimulus was a charge-balanced,...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Objectives: “Minimal” and “mild” hearing loss are the most common but least understood forms of hearing loss in children. Children with better ear hearing level as low as 30 dB HL have a global language impairment and, according to the World Health Organization, a “disabling level of hearing loss.” We examined in a population of 6- to 11-year-olds how hearing level ≤40.0 dB HL (1 and 4 kHz pure-tone average, PTA, threshold) is related to auditory perception, cognition, and communication. Design:...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Objectives: The objective of our study is to understand how listeners with and without sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) use energy and temporal envelope cues to detect tones in noise. Previous studies of low-frequency tone-in-noise detection have shown that when energy cues are made less reliable using a roving-level paradigm, thresholds of listeners with normal hearing (NH) are only slightly increased. This result is consistent with studies demonstrating the importance of temporal envelope cues...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Objectives: The data logs of Cochlear Nucleus cochlear implant (CI) sound processors show large interindividual variation in children’s daily CI use and auditory environments. This study explored whether these differences are associated with differences in the receptive vocabulary of young implanted children. Design: Data of 52 prelingually deaf children, who had received a CI before 3 years of age, were obtained from their clinical records. In total, 73 Peabody Picture Vocabulary tests and...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Objectives: Small, excitatory surface potentials can sometimes be recorded from the contralateral sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) following monaural acoustic stimulation. Little is known about the physiological properties of these crossed reflexes. In this study, we sought the properties of crossed SCM responses and through comparison with other cochlear and vestibular myogenic potentials, their likely receptor origin. Design: Surface potentials were recorded from the ipsilateral and contralateral...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Objectives: Cochlear implants (CIs) restore some spatial advantages for speech understanding in noise to individuals with single-sided deafness (SSD). In addition to a head-shadow advantage when the CI ear has a better signal-to-noise ratio, a CI can also provide a binaural advantage in certain situations, facilitating the perceptual separation of spatially separated concurrent voices. While some bilateral-CI listeners show a similar binaural advantage, bilateral-CI listeners with relatively large...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to quantify differences in evoked potential correlates of spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) density between younger and older individuals with cochlear implants (CIs) using the electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP). In human temporal bone studies and in animal models, SGN density is the lowest in older subjects and in those who experienced long durations of deafness during life. SGN density also varies as a function of age at implantation...
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
Objectives: To examine differences in family environment and associations between family environment and key speech, language, and cognitive outcomes in samples of children with normal hearing and deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children who use hearing aids and cochlear implants. Design: Thirty families of children with normal hearing (n = 10), hearing aids (n = 10), or cochlear implants (n = 10) completed questionnaires evaluating executive function, social skills, and problem behaviors....
Wed Jul 01, 2020 03:00
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